Progression Statistics 2025

Official statistics in development

 

Progression statistical summary

This document is a summary of the progression statistics in National Qualification subjects from National 4 to National 5, National 5 to Higher, and Higher to Advanced Higher, and when re-sitting either National 5 or Higher. It includes 2025 examination results following the completion of appeals and other post-certification procedures.

In this release, progression statistics for 2025 are presented with reference to progression from the previous year, 2024. It is not advised to compare the progressions in terms of attainment grades in this publication with those from previous publications. Rates of progression in attainment grades from one course level to the next are influenced by variation in attainment in both the course from the earlier year, and the course from the later year. In addition, assessments in 2022, 2023 and 2024 have each had in place different degrees of modifications and different approaches to awarding. These are outlined in our background information.

At a subject level, it is possible to compare the number of learners progressing from certification at one level to certification at the next level, over consecutive academic sessions. This is captured both in terms of number of learners, and proportion of learners progressing.

This publication does not contain information on learners who were re-sitting any National 4 qualification, because they are ungraded qualifications and we do not record any previous fails. In addition, there is no information on learners who re-sat any Advanced Higher qualification, as the total number of learners who re-sat any individual Advanced Higher qualification was fewer than 10 in all instances. Those re-sits would therefore be reported with the shorthands of either [z], for no data, or [c] for suppressed data.

Official statistics in development are official statistics that are undergoing development. They may be new or existing statistics, and will be tested with users, in line with the standards of trustworthiness, quality, and value in the Code of Practice for Statistics.

This is the third time progression statistics have been published as official statistics in development. This publication focuses on different characteristics of the data to the 2024 and 2023 progression statistics publications. To ensure that the statistics are developed in a useful way, we invite users to provide their views and feedback on future developments or improvements. If you have comments or questions, please contact us:

In addition, the Progression Statistics interactive app was released in July 2025. The interactive app contains the same data as the Excel workbook and it supports quick access to the summary statistics and charts for individual qualification progressions and re-sits.

 

Summary table definitions

The ‘Total learners progressing’ columns are the total number of learners progressing from the lower qualification level to the higher qualification level between the stated years.

The ‘Total learners re-sitting’ columns are the total number of learners re-sitting the named qualification between the stated years.

The ‘Proportion progressing’ columns for the stated years are the proportion of learners who were entered at the lower qualification level who were then, one year later, entered at the higher qualification level.

The ‘Proportion re-sitting’ columns for the stated years are the proportion of learners who went on to re-sit the named qualification, one year later.

The ‘Proportion with prior attainment’ columns for the stated years are the proportion of learners who were entered at the higher qualification level who had, one year earlier, been entered at the lower qualification level. In the case of re-sits, they are the proportion of learners who were re-sitting the named qualification from the previous year.

Refer to the background information for additional information such as data sources, methodology, confidentiality and rounding, and limitations.

 

Learner progression counts

This section contains tables showing the five subjects with the highest number of progressing learners at each qualification level.

National 4 to National 5

Table 1 shows the five subjects with the highest numbers of learners progressing from National 4 to National 5. In 2025, the highest number of learners progressed from National 4 to National 5 English (3,840 learners) which was a decrease of 300 on the number in 2024. The next highest number of learners progressing was for National 4 Mathematics to National 5 Applications of Mathematics (3,160 learners, a decrease of 280), and then National 4 to National 5 Mathematics (2,870 learners, a decrease of 1,280).

Table 1: Five subjects with the highest numbers of learners progressing from National 4 to National 5 in 2025.
National 4 subject National 5 subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024 Total learners progressing 2022 to 2023
English English 3,840 4,140 4,200
Mathematics Applications of Mathematics 3,160 3,440 2,690
Mathematics Mathematics 2,870 4,150 4,590
Applications of Mathematics Applications of Mathematics 2,240 1,860 1,460
Biology Biology 1,070 1,340 1,390

The data in table 1 is visualised in figure 1 which shows the year-on-year variability in the ranks of the subjects with the five highest numbers of learners progressing from National 4 to National 5. The numbers in the circles show the rank position for the stated years.

National 4 to National 5 graphs
Figure 1: Ranks of the subjects with the five highest numbers of learners progressing from National 4 to National 5 in the last three years.
N4 Mathematics to N5 Applications of Mathematics N4 to N5 Applications of Mathematics N4 to N5 Biology N4 to N5 English N4 to N5 Mathematics 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 1 2 2 3 1 1 2022 to 2023 2023 to 2024 2024 to 2025

Re-sitting National 5

Table 2 shows the five subjects with the highest numbers of learners re-sitting National 5. In 2025, the highest number of learners re-sat National 5 Mathematics (3,850 learners) which was a decrease of 940 on the number in 2024. The next highest number of learners re-sitting was for National 5 Applications of Mathematics (2,620 learners, an increase of 960), and then National 5 English (2,420 learners, an increase of 470).

Table 2: Five subjects with the highest numbers of learners re-sitting National 5 in 2025.
National 5 subject Total learners re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Total learners re-sitting 2023 to 2024 Total learners re-sitting 2022 to 2023
Mathematics 3,850 4,790 3,890
Applications of Mathematics 2,620 1,660 1,000
English 2,420 1,950 1,570
Biology 1,140 940 910
Physics 390 410 420

The data in table 2 is visualised in figure 2 which shows the year-on-year variability in the ranks of the subjects with the five highest numbers of learners re-sitting National 5. The numbers in the circles show the rank position for the stated years.

Re-sitting National 5 graphs
Figure 2: Ranks of the subjects with the five highest numbers of learners re-sitting National 5 in the last three years.
Re-sitting N5 Applications of Mathematics Re-sitting N5 Biology Re-sitting N5 English Re-sitting N5 Mathematics Re-sitting N5 Physics 2 3 3 4 4 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 5 5 5 2022 to 2023 2023 to 2024 2024 to 2025

National 5 to Higher

Table 3 shows the five subjects with the highest numbers of learners progressing from National 5 to Higher. In 2025, the highest number of learners progressed from National 5 to Higher English (31,720 learners) which was an increase of 110 on the number in 2024. The next highest number of learners progressing was for National 5 to Higher Mathematics (16,570 learners, an increase of 1,000), and then National 5 to Higher Physical Education (9,770 learners, an increase of 700).

Table 3: Five subjects with the highest numbers of learners progressing from National 5 to Higher in 2025.
National 5 subject Higher subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024 Total learners progressing 2022 to 2023
English English 31,720 31,610 31,390
Mathematics Mathematics 16,570 15,570 16,090
Physical Education Physical Education 9,770 9,070 8,770
Chemistry Chemistry 8,070 7,950 8,010
History History 6,990 7,700 7,440

The data in table 3 is visualised in figure 3 which shows the year-on-year variability in the ranks of the subjects with the five highest numbers of learners progressing from National 5 to Higher. The numbers in the circles show the rank position for the stated years.

National 5 to Higher graphs
Figure 3: Ranks of the subjects with the five highest numbers of learners progressing from National 5 to Higher in the last three years.
N5 to H Chemistry N5 to H English N5 to H History N5 to H Mathematics N5 to H Physical Education 4 4 4 1 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 2 3 3 3 2022 to 2023 2023 to 2024 2024 to 2025

Re-sitting Higher

Table 4 shows the five subjects with the highest numbers of learners re-sitting Higher. In 2025, the highest number of learners re-sat Higher English (3,340 learners) which was an increase of 620 on the number in 2024. The next highest number of learners re-sitting was for Higher Mathematics (2,060 learners, an increase of 330), and then Higher Chemistry (700 learners, an increase of 110).

Table 4: Five subjects with the highest numbers of learners re-sitting Higher in 2025.
Higher subject Total learners re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Total learners re-sitting 2023 to 2024 Total learners re-sitting 2022 to 2023
English 3,340 2,720 1,850
Mathematics 2,060 1,730 1,360
Chemistry 700 590 490
Human Biology 690 470 450
Physics 680 520 460

The data in table 4 is visualised in figure 4 which shows the year-on-year variability in the ranks of the subjects with the five highest numbers of learners re-sitting Higher. The numbers in the circles show the rank position for the stated years.

Re-sitting Higher graphs
Figure 4: Ranks of the subjects with the five highest numbers of learners re-sitting Higher in the last three years.
Re-sitting H Chemistry Re-sitting H English Re-sitting H Human Biology Re-sitting H Mathematics Re-sitting H Physics 3 3 3 1 1 1 4 5 5 2 2 2 5 4 4 2022 to 2023 2023 to 2024 2024 to 2025

Higher to Advanced Higher

Table 5 shows the five subjects with the highest numbers of learners progressing from Higher to Advanced Higher. In 2025, the highest number of learners progressed from Higher to Advanced Higher Mathematics (4,430 learners) which was an increase of 70 on the number in 2024. The next highest number of learners progressing was for Higher to Advanced Higher English (3,070 learners, an increase of 90), and then Higher to Advanced Higher Chemistry (2,760 learners, an increase of 30).

Table 5: Five subjects with the highest numbers of learners progressing from Higher to Advanced Higher in 2025.
Higher subject Advanced Higher subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024 Total learners progressing 2022 to 2023
Mathematics Mathematics 4,430 4,360 4,080
English English 3,070 2,980 2,620
Chemistry Chemistry 2,760 2,730 2,830
Physics Physics 2,110 2,240 2,070
Biology Biology 1,660 1,590 1,740

The data in table 5 is visualised in figure 5 which shows the year-on-year variability in the ranks of the subjects with the five highest numbers of learners progressing from Higher to Advanced Higher. The numbers in the circles show the rank position for the stated years.

Higher to Advanced Higher graphs
Figure 5: Ranks of the subjects with the five highest numbers of learners progressing from Higher to Advanced Higher in the last three years.
H to AH Biology H to AH Chemistry H to AH English H to AH Mathematics H to AH Music H to AH Physics 5 5 6 3 2 3 2 2 3 1 1 1 6 5 6 4 4 4 2022 to 2023 2023 to 2024 2024 to 2025

Learner progression proportions

This section contains tables showing the top five subjects with the highest proportions of progressing learners at each qualification level. There are two progression proportions calculated for each qualification level:

  • the number of progressing learners divided by the total number of learners for the qualification they are progressing from

  • the number of progressing learners divided by the total number of learners for the qualification they are progressing to (recorded as the proportion of learners with prior attainment).

The top five subjects are ordered first by descending percentage (using unrounded figures) and then by descending number of learners. It should be noted that there is often a wide variation in the number of learners in these tables, which should be considered when making any comparisons between proportion percentages.

National 4 to National 5

Table 6 shows the five subjects with the highest proportion of learners at National 4 in 2024 who progressed to National 5 in 2025. In 2025, the 220 learners who progressed from National 4 to National 5 English for Speakers of Other Languages represented 37% of all learners who were entered for National 4 English for Speakers of Other Languages in 2024. This 37% proportion was an increase of 3 percentage points (pp) on the proportion in 2024. The subjects with the next highest proportions of learners progressing were for National 4 to National 5 Applications of Mathematics (23% of learners, an increase of 3pp), and then National 4 to National 5 English (21% of learners, no change).

Table 6: Five subjects with the highest proportion of learners at National 4 in 2024 who progressed to National 5 in 2025.
National 4 subject National 5 subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Proportion progressing 2024 to 2025 Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024 Proportion progressing 2023 to 2024 Total learners progressing 2022 to 2023 Proportion progressing 2022 to 2023
English for Speakers of Other Languages English for Speakers of Other Languages 220 37% 180 34% 180 34%
Applications of Mathematics Applications of Mathematics 2,240 23% 1,860 20% 1,460 20%
English English 3,840 21% 4,140 21% 4,200 24%
Mathematics Applications of Mathematics 3,160 18% 3,440 16% 2,690 12%
Mathematics Mathematics 2,870 16% 4,150 19% 4,590 21%

The data in table 6 is visualised in figure 6 which shows the year-on-year variability in the ranks of the subjects with the five highest proportions of learners at National 4 who progressed to National 5. The numbers in the circles show the rank position for the stated years.

National 4 to National 5 graphs
Figure 6: Ranks of the subjects with the five highest proportions of learners at National 4 who progressed to National 5 in the last three years.
N4 Mathematics to N5 Applications of Mathematics N4 to N5 Applications of Mathematics N4 to N5 English N4 to N5 English for Speakers of Other Languages N4 to N5 Gàidhlig N4 to N5 Mathematics 4 6 9 2 4 5 3 3 3 1 1 2 25 1 2 5 4 5 2022 to 2023 2023 to 2024 2024 to 2025

Table 7 shows the five subjects with the highest proportion of learners at National 5 in 2025 who progressed from National 4 in 2024. In 2025, the 220 learners who progressed from National 4 to National 5 English for Speakers of Other Languages represented 14% of all learners who were entered for National 5 English for Speakers of Other Languages in 2025. This 14% proportion was an increase of 2 percentage points (pp) on the proportion in 2024. The subjects with the next highest proportions of learners progressing were for National 4 Mathematics to National 5 Applications of Mathematics (11% of learners, a decrease of 3pp), and then National 4 to National 5 Mathematics (8% of learners, a decrease of 3pp).

Table 7: Five subjects with the highest proportion of learners at National 5 in 2025 who progressed from National 4.
National 4 subject National 5 subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Proportion of 2025 with prior attainment Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024 Proportion of 2024 with prior attainment Total learners progressing 2022 to 2023 Proportion of 2023 with prior attainment
English for Speakers of Other Languages English for Speakers of Other Languages 220 14% 180 12% 180 13%
Mathematics Applications of Mathematics 3,160 11% 3,440 14% 2,690 14%
Mathematics Mathematics 2,870 8% 4,150 11% 4,590 12%
Applications of Mathematics Applications of Mathematics 2,240 8% 1,860 8% 1,460 8%
English English 3,840 8% 4,140 8% 4,200 9%

The data in table 7 is visualised in figure 7 which shows the year-on-year variability in the ranks of the subjects with the five highest proportions of learners at National 5 who had progressed from National 4. The numbers in the circles show the rank position for the stated years.

National 4 to National 5 graphs
Figure 7: Ranks of the subjects with the five highest proportions of learners at National 5 who had progressed from National 4 in the last three years.
N4 Mathematics to N5 Applications of Mathematics N4 to N5 Applications of Mathematics N4 to N5 English N4 to N5 English for Speakers of Other Languages N4 to N5 Gaelic (Learners) N4 to N5 Mathematics 2 1 1 4 5 6 5 4 5 1 2 2 45 4 37 3 3 3 2022 to 2023 2023 to 2024 2024 to 2025

Re-sitting National 5

Table 8 shows the five subjects with the highest proportion of learners at National 5 in 2024 who re-sat the following year. In 2025, the 2,620 learners who re-sat National 5 Applications of Mathematics represented 11% of all learners who were entered for National 5 Applications of Mathematics in 2024. This 11% proportion was an increase of 2 percentage points (pp) on the proportion in 2024. The National 5 subjects with the next highest proportions of learners who re-sat were Mathematics (10% of learners, a decrease of 3pp), and then English for Speakers of Other Languages (6% of learners, an increase of 1pp).

Table 8: Five subjects with the highest proportion of learners at National 5 in 2024 who re-sat the following year.
National 5 subject Total learners re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Proportion re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Total learners re-sitting 2023 to 2024 Proportion re-sitting 2023 to 2024 Total learners re-sitting 2022 to 2023 Proportion re-sitting 2022 to 2023
Applications of Mathematics 2,620 11% 1,660 9% 1,000 7%
Mathematics 3,850 10% 4,790 13% 3,890 10%
English for Speakers of Other Languages 90 6% 60 5% 50 5%
Biology 1,140 5% 940 4% 910 4%
English 2,420 5% 1,950 4% 1,570 3%

The data in table 8 is visualised in figure 8 which shows the year-on-year variability in the ranks of the subjects with the five highest proportions of learners at National 5 who resat the following year. The numbers in the circles show the rank position for the stated years.

Re-sitting National 5 graphs
Figure 8: Ranks of the subjects with the five highest proportions of learners at National 5 who resat the following year in the last three years.
Re-sitting N5 Applications of Mathematics Re-sitting N5 Biology Re-sitting N5 Care Re-sitting N5 English Re-sitting N5 English for Speakers of Other Languages Re-sitting N5 Mathematics 1 2 2 4 4 5 29 4 7 5 5 6 3 3 3 2 1 1 2022 to 2023 2023 to 2024 2024 to 2025

Table 9 shows the five subjects with the highest proportion of learners at National 5 in 2025 who were re-sitting from the previous year. In 2025, the 3,850 learners who re-sat National 5 Mathematics represented 11% of all learners who were entered for National 5 Mathematics in 2025. This 11% proportion was a decrease of 2 percentage points (pp) on the proportion in 2024. The National 5 subjects with the next highest proportions of learners who re-sat were Applications of Mathematics (9% of learners, an increase of 2pp), and then English for Speakers of Other Languages (6% of learners, an increase of 2pp).

Table 9: Five subjects with the highest proportion of learners at National 5 in 2025 who were re-sitting from the previous year.
National 5 subject Total learners re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Proportion of 2025 with prior attainment Total learners re-sitting 2023 to 2024 Proportion of 2024 with prior attainment Total learners re-sitting 2022 to 2023 Proportion of 2023 with prior attainment
Mathematics 3,850 11% 4,790 13% 3,890 10%
Applications of Mathematics 2,620 9% 1,660 7% 1,000 5%
English for Speakers of Other Languages 90 6% 60 4% 50 3%
Biology 1,140 5% 940 4% 910 4%
English 2,420 5% 1,950 4% 1,570 3%

The data in table 9 is visualised in figure 9 which shows the year-on-year variability in the ranks of the subjects with the five highest proportions of learners at National 5 who were re-sitting from the previous year. The numbers in the circles show the rank position for the stated years.

Re-sitting National 5 graphs
Figure 9: Ranks of the subjects with the five highest proportions of learners at National 5 who were re-sitting from the previous year in the last three years.
Re-sitting N5 Applications of Mathematics Re-sitting N5 Biology Re-sitting N5 Care Re-sitting N5 English Re-sitting N5 English for Speakers of Other Languages Re-sitting N5 Mathematics 2 2 2 4 3 3 10 4 6 5 5 6 3 4 5 1 1 1 2022 to 2023 2023 to 2024 2024 to 2025

National 5 to Higher

Table 10 shows the five subjects with the highest proportion of learners at National 5 in 2024 who progressed to Higher in 2025. In 2025, the 31,720 learners who progressed from National 5 to Higher English represented 64% of all learners who were entered for National 5 English in 2024. This 64% proportion was a decrease of 1 percentage point (pp) on the proportion in 2024. The subjects with the next highest proportions of learners progressing were for National 5 to Higher Economics (57% of learners, a decrease of 1pp), and then National 5 to Higher Chinese Languages (55% of learners, an increase of 3pp).

Table 10: Five subjects with the highest proportion of learners at National 5 in 2024 who progressed to Higher in 2025.
National 5 subject Higher subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Proportion progressing 2024 to 2025 Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024 Proportion progressing 2023 to 2024 Total learners progressing 2022 to 2023 Proportion progressing 2022 to 2023
English English 31,720 64% 31,610 65% 31,390 66%
Economics Economics 250 57% 280 58% 180 55%
Chinese Languages Chinese Languages 230 55% 150 52% 110 42%
Urdu Urdu 50 52% 50 50% 40 51%
Business Management Business Management 5,040 51% 4,710 47% 4,270 48%

The data in table 10 is visualised in figure 10 which shows the year-on-year variability in the ranks of the subjects with the five highest proportions of learners at National 5 who progressed to Higher. The numbers in the circles show the rank position for the stated years.

National 5 to Higher graphs
Figure 10: Ranks of the subjects with the five highest proportions of learners at National 5 who progressed to Higher in the last three years.
N5 to H Business Management N5 to H Chemistry N5 to H Chinese Languages N5 to H Economics N5 to H Engineering Science N5 to H English N5 to H Gàidhlig N5 to H Urdu 5 9 9 6 3 4 3 3 19 2 2 2 9 5 6 1 1 1 8 4 16 4 5 6 2022 to 2023 2023 to 2024 2024 to 2025

Table 11 shows the five subjects with the highest proportion of learners at Higher in 2025 who progressed from National 5 in 2024. In 2025, the 31,720 learners who progressed from National 5 to Higher English represented 85% of all learners who were entered for Higher English in 2025. This 85% proportion was a decrease of 2 percentage points (pp) on the proportion in 2024. The subjects with the next highest proportions of learners progressing were for National 5 to Higher Mathematics (84% of learners, no change), and then National 5 to Higher Gàidhlig (83% of learners, an increase of 6pp).

Table 11: Five subjects with the highest proportion of learners at Higher in 2025 who progressed from National 5.
National 5 subject Higher subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Proportion of 2025 with prior attainment Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024 Proportion of 2024 with prior attainment Total learners progressing 2022 to 2023 Proportion of 2023 with prior attainment
English English 31,720 85% 31,610 87% 31,390 88%
Mathematics Mathematics 16,570 84% 15,570 84% 16,090 86%
Gàidhlig Gàidhlig 120 83% 100 77% 110 83%
Latin Latin 130 83% 110 77% 190 86%
Chemistry Chemistry 8,070 80% 7,950 80% 8,010 83%

The data in table 11 is visualised in figure 11 which shows the year-on-year variability in the ranks of the subjects with the five highest proportions of learners at Higher who had progressed from National 5. The numbers in the circles show the rank position for the stated years.

National 5 to Higher graphs
Figure 11: Ranks of the subjects with the five highest proportions of learners at Higher who had progressed from National 5 in the last three years.
N5 to H Art and Design N5 to H Biology N5 to H Chemistry N5 to H English N5 to H Gàidhlig N5 to H Latin N5 to H Mathematics 6 5 6 11 4 8 5 3 5 1 1 1 3 4 11 4 2 10 2 2 3 2022 to 2023 2023 to 2024 2024 to 2025

Re-sitting Higher

Table 12 shows the five subjects with the highest proportion of learners at Higher in 2024 who re-sat the following year. In 2025, the 2,060 learners who re-sat Higher Mathematics represented 11% of all learners who were entered for Higher Mathematics in 2024. This 11% proportion was an increase of 2 percentage points (pp) on the proportion in 2024. The Higher subjects with the next highest proportions of learners who re-sat were Human Biology (9% of learners, an increase of 2pp), and then English (9% of learners, an increase of 1pp).

Table 12: Five subjects with the highest proportion of learners at Higher in 2024 who re-sat the following year.
Higher subject Total learners re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Proportion re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Total learners re-sitting 2023 to 2024 Proportion re-sitting 2023 to 2024 Total learners re-sitting 2022 to 2023 Proportion re-sitting 2022 to 2023
Mathematics 2,060 11% 1,730 9% 1,360 8%
Human Biology 690 9% 470 7% 450 6%
English 3,340 9% 2,720 8% 1,850 5%
Physics 680 8% 520 6% 460 6%
Biology 550 8% 410 6% 430 6%

The data in table 12 is visualised in figure 12 which shows the year-on-year variability in the ranks of the subjects with the five highest proportions of learners at Higher who resat the following year. The numbers in the circles show the rank position for the stated years.

Re-sitting Higher graphs
Figure 12: Ranks of the subjects with the five highest proportions of learners at Higher who resat the following year in the last three years.
Re-sitting H Biology Re-sitting H Chemistry Re-sitting H English Re-sitting H Human Biology Re-sitting H Mathematics Re-sitting H Physics 5 3 7 6 5 6 3 2 5 2 2 3 1 1 1 4 4 4 2022 to 2023 2023 to 2024 2024 to 2025

Table 13 shows the five subjects with the highest proportion of learners at Higher in 2025 who were re-sitting from the previous year. In 2025, the 2,060 learners who re-sat Higher Mathematics represented 10% of all learners who were entered for Higher Mathematics in 2025. This 10% proportion was an increase of 1 percentage point (pp) on the proportion in 2024. The Higher subjects with the next highest proportions of learners who re-sat were Human Biology (9% of learners, an increase of 3pp), and then Care (9% of learners, suppressed amount of change).

Table 13: Five subjects with the highest proportion of learners at Higher in 2025 who were re-sitting from the previous year.
Higher subject Total learners re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Proportion of 2025 with prior attainment Total learners re-sitting 2023 to 2024 Proportion of 2024 with prior attainment Total learners re-sitting 2022 to 2023 Proportion of 2023 with prior attainment
Mathematics 2,060 10% 1,730 9% 1,360 7%
Human Biology 690 9% 470 6% 450 6%
Care 10 9% [c] [c] [c] [c]
English 3,340 9% 2,720 7% 1,850 5%
Physics 680 8% 520 6% 460 6%

The data in table 13 is visualised in figure 13 which shows the year-on-year variability in the ranks of the subjects with the five highest proportions of learners at Higher who were re-sitting from the previous year. The numbers in the circles show the rank position for the stated years.

Re-sitting Higher graphs
Figure 13: Ranks of the subjects with the five highest proportions of learners at Higher who were re-sitting from the previous year in the last three years.
Re-sitting H Biology Re-sitting H Care Re-sitting H Chemistry Re-sitting H English Re-sitting H Human Biology Re-sitting H Mathematics Re-sitting H Physics 6 3 6 3 13 25 7 5 6 4 2 5 2 2 4 1 1 1 5 3 4 2022 to 2023 2023 to 2024 2024 to 2025

Higher to Advanced Higher

Table 14 shows the five subjects with the highest proportion of learners at Higher in 2024 who progressed to Advanced Higher in 2025. In 2025, the 110 learners who progressed from Higher to Advanced Higher Chinese Languages represented 35% of all learners who were entered for Higher Chinese Languages in 2024. This 35% proportion was a decrease of 7 percentage points (pp) on the proportion in 2024. The subjects with the next highest proportions of learners progressing were for Higher to Advanced Higher Music (30% of learners, a decrease of 2pp), and then Higher to Advanced Higher Chemistry (28% of learners, no change).

Table 14: Five subjects with the highest proportion of learners at Higher in 2024 who progressed to Advanced Higher in 2025.
Higher subject Advanced Higher subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Proportion progressing 2024 to 2025 Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024 Proportion progressing 2023 to 2024 Total learners progressing 2022 to 2023 Proportion progressing 2022 to 2023
Chinese Languages Chinese Languages 110 35% 100 42% 80 38%
Music Music 1,540 30% 1,630 32% 1,620 33%
Chemistry Chemistry 2,760 28% 2,730 28% 2,830 30%
Physics Physics 2,110 26% 2,240 28% 2,070 26%
Gaelic (Learners) Gaelic (Learners) 10 24% 10 17% [c] [c]

The data in table 14 is visualised in figure 14 which shows the year-on-year variability in the ranks of the subjects with the five highest proportions of learners at Higher who progressed to Advanced Higher. The numbers in the circles show the rank position for the stated years.

Higher to Advanced Higher graphs
Figure 14: Ranks of the subjects with the five highest proportions of learners at Higher who progressed to Advanced Higher in the last three years.
H to AH Biology H to AH Chemistry H to AH Chinese Languages H to AH Gaelic (Learners) H to AH Gàidhlig H to AH Music H to AH Physics 8 5 7 3 3 3 1 1 1 5 13 20 7 5 12 2 2 2 4 4 4 2022 to 2023 2023 to 2024 2024 to 2025

Table 15 shows the five subjects with the highest proportion of learners at Advanced Higher in 2025 who progressed from Higher in 2024. In 2025, the 60 learners who progressed from Higher to Advanced Higher Design and Manufacture represented 100% of all learners who were entered for Advanced Higher Design and Manufacture in 2025. This 100% proportion was an increase of 2 percentage points (pp) on the proportion in 2024. The subjects with the next highest proportions of learners progressing were for Higher to Advanced Higher Engineering Science (100% of learners, no change), and then Higher to Advanced Higher Gàidhlig (100% of learners, an increase of 3pp).

Table 15: Five subjects with the highest proportion of learners at Advanced Higher in 2025 who progressed from Higher.
Higher subject Advanced Higher subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Proportion of 2025 with prior attainment Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024 Proportion of 2024 with prior attainment Total learners progressing 2022 to 2023 Proportion of 2023 with prior attainment
Design and Manufacture Design and Manufacture 60 100% 50 98% 110 96%
Engineering Science Engineering Science 60 100% 60 100% 50 98%
Gàidhlig Gàidhlig 30 100% 30 97% 20 90%
Gaelic (Learners) Gaelic (Learners) 10 100% 10 85% [c] [c]
Chemistry Chemistry 2,760 100% 2,730 99% 2,830 99%

The data in table 15 is visualised in figure 15 which shows the year-on-year variability in the ranks of the subjects with the five highest proportions of learners at Advanced Higher who had progressed from Higher. The numbers in the circles show the rank position for the stated years.

Higher to Advanced Higher graphs
Figure 15: Ranks of the subjects with the five highest proportions of learners at Advanced Higher who had progressed from Higher in the last three years.
H to AH Chemistry H to AH Computing Science H to AH Design and Manufacture H to AH Engineering Science H to AH English H to AH Gaelic (Learners) H to AH Gàidhlig H to AH Mathematics H to AH Physics 5 3 3 9 5 9 1 10 13 2 1 6 7 1 2 4 29 30 3 14 28 8 4 5 6 2 4 2022 to 2023 2023 to 2024 2024 to 2025

Progression for Mathematics and English

This section provides analysis of English and Mathematics course progressions at every level between National 4 and Advanced Higher, and for re-sits of National 5 and Higher.

Mathematics

This section shows progression through all National Qualification levels for all Mathematics courses.

National 4 to National 5

Table 16a shows the number of learners progressing from National 4 to National 5 for Mathematics subjects in 2025, and table 16b shows the proportions of learners who then obtained each grade at National 5 for each Mathematics subject.

Table 16a: Number of learners progressing from National 4 to National 5 for Mathematics subjects in 2025.
National 4 subject National 5 subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024
Mathematics Applications of Mathematics 3,160 3,440
Mathematics Mathematics 2,870 4,150
Applications of Mathematics Applications of Mathematics 2,240 1,860
Applications of Mathematics Mathematics 330 400

 

Table 16b: Grade progression from National 4 to National 5 for Mathematics subjects in 2025.
National 4 subject National 5 subject 2025 National 5 grade A 2025 National 5 grade B 2025 National 5 grade C 2025 National 5 grade D 2025 National 5 No Award Row total
Applications of Mathematics Applications of Mathematics 7% 11% 17% 18% 47% 100%
Applications of Mathematics Mathematics 8% 8% 15% 18% 51% 100%
Mathematics Applications of Mathematics 14% 15% 18% 18% 34% 100%
Mathematics Mathematics 8% 12% 17% 20% 44% 100%

Table 16b shows that for each progression route, the grade of ‘No Award’ for National 5 was the most frequent outcome.

The data in table 16b are visualised in figures 16.1 and 16.2, which are downloads from the interactive app that accompanies this publication. In the app, select Grade progressions to explore these types of charts further.

National 4 to National 5 graphs
Figure 16.1: Progression grades from 2024 National 4 Applications of Mathematics
11% 17% 18% 47% 0% 100% 2024 National 4 Applications of Mathematics entry 2025 National 5 Applications of Mathematics grade A B C D No Award Total number of learners progressing: 2,240 15% 18% 51% 0% 100% 2024 National 4 Applications of Mathematics entry 2025 National 5 Mathematics grade A B C D No Award Total number of learners progressing: 330
Figure 16.2: Progression grades from 2024 National 4 Mathematics
14% 15% 18% 18% 34% 0% 100% 2024 National 4 Mathematics entry 2025 National 5 Applications of Mathematics grade A B C D No Award Total number of learners progressing: 3,160 12% 17% 20% 44% 0% 100% 2024 National 4 Mathematics entry 2025 National 5 Mathematics grade A B C D No Award Total number of learners progressing: 2,870

Tables 16c and 16d summarise the learners who progressed from National 4 to National 5 for Mathematics subjects in 2025. Table 16c displays proportions relative to the number of learners who were entered for National 4 in 2024, while table 16d displays the proportions relative to the number of learners who were entered for National 5 in 2025.

The first row of table 16c shows that for National 4 to National 5 Applications of Mathematics there was an increase of 3 percentage points (pp) in the proportion, relative to those who were entered for National 4, compared to the previous year. For the same progression route, the first row of table 16d shows that there was no change in the proportion, relative to those who were entered for National 5, compared to the previous year.

Table 16c: Proportion of learners at National 4 in 2024 who progressed to National 5 for Mathematics subjects in 2025
National 4 subject National 5 subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Proportion progressing 2024 to 2025 Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024 Proportion progressing 2023 to 2024
Applications of Mathematics Applications of Mathematics 2,240 23% 1,860 20%
Applications of Mathematics Mathematics 330 3% 400 4%
Mathematics Applications of Mathematics 3,160 18% 3,440 16%
Mathematics Mathematics 2,870 16% 4,150 19%

 

Table 16d: Proportion of learners at National 5 for Mathematics subjects in 2025 who progressed from National 4.
National 4 subject National 5 subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Proportion of 2025 with prior attainment Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024 Proportion of 2024 with prior attainment
Applications of Mathematics Applications of Mathematics 2,240 8% 1,860 8%
Applications of Mathematics Mathematics 330 1% 400 1%
Mathematics Applications of Mathematics 3,160 11% 3,440 14%
Mathematics Mathematics 2,870 8% 4,150 11%

The combined 2025 data from tables 16c and 16d are visualised in figures 16.3 and 16.4, which are downloads from the interactive app that accompanies this publication. In the app, select Cohort proportions to explore these types of charts further.

National 4 to National 5 graphs
Figure 16.3: Progression proportions from 2024 National 4 Applications of Mathematics
Progressing 23% Progressed 8% Proportion of National 4 Applications of Mathematics learners in 2024 Proportion of National 5 Applications of Mathematics learners in 2025 Total number of learners progressing: 2,240 Progressing 3% Progressed 1% Proportion of National 4 Applications of Mathematics learners in 2024 Proportion of National 5 Mathematics learners in 2025 Total number of learners progressing: 330
Figure 16.4: Progression proportions from 2024 National 4 Mathematics
Progressing 18% Progressed 11% Proportion of National 4 Mathematics learners in 2024 Proportion of National 5 Applications of Mathematics learners in 2025 Total number of learners progressing: 3,160 Progressing 16% Progressed 8% Proportion of National 4 Mathematics learners in 2024 Proportion of National 5 Mathematics learners in 2025 Total number of learners progressing: 2,870

Re-sitting National 5

Table 17a shows the number of learners re-sitting National 5 for Mathematics subjects in 2025, and table 17b shows the proportions of learners who then obtained each grade at National 5 for each Mathematics subject.

Table 17a: Number of learners re-sitting National 5 for Mathematics subjects in 2025.
National 5 subject Total learners re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Total learners re-sitting 2023 to 2024
Mathematics 3,850 4,790
Applications of Mathematics 2,620 1,660

 

Table 17b: Grade progression when re-sitting National 5 for Mathematics subjects in 2025.
National 5 subject 2024 National 5 grade 2025 National 5 grade A 2025 National 5 grade B 2025 National 5 grade C 2025 National 5 grade D 2025 National 5 No Award Row total
Applications of Mathematics A [z] [z] [z] [z] [z] [z]
Applications of Mathematics B 67% 33% 0% 0% 0% 100%
Applications of Mathematics C 31% 45% 24% 0% 0% 100%
Applications of Mathematics D 17% 32% 34% 16% 0% 100%
Applications of Mathematics No Award 5% 13% 22% 26% 35% 100%
Mathematics A [z] [z] [z] [z] [z] [z]
Mathematics B 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
Mathematics C 28% 38% 33% 0% 0% 100%
Mathematics D 16% 31% 34% 19% 0% 100%
Mathematics No Award 5% 14% 22% 26% 34% 100%

The data in table 17b are visualised in figures 17.1 and 17.2, which are downloads from the interactive app that accompanies this publication. In the app, select Grade progressions to explore these types of charts further.

Re-sitting National 5 graphs
Figure 17.1: Progression grades re-sitting 2024 National 5 Applications of Mathematics
67% 33% 31% 45% 24% 17% 32% 34% 16% 13% 22% 26% 35% No Award D C B A 0% 100% 2024 National 5 Applications of Mathematics grade 2025 National 5 Applications of Mathematics grade A B C D No Award Total number of learners re-sitting: 2,620
Figure 17.2: Progression grades re-sitting 2024 National 5 Mathematics
100% 28% 38% 33% 16% 31% 34% 19% 14% 22% 26% 34% No Award D C B A 0% 100% 2024 National 5 Mathematics grade 2025 National 5 Mathematics grade A B C D No Award Total number of learners re-sitting: 3,850

Tables 17c and 17d summarise the learners who were entered for National 5 for Mathematics subjects in 2024, who then re-sat the following year. Table 17c displays proportions relative to the number of learners who were entered for National 5 in 2024, while table 17d displays the proportions relative to the number of learners who were entered for National 5 in 2025.

Table 17c shows that for Applications of Mathematics there was an increase of 2 percentage points (pp) to 11%, compared to the proportion from the previous year. For the same re-sitting learners, table 17d shows that there was an increase of 2pp to 9%, compared to the proportion from the previous year.

Table 17c: Proportion of learners at National 5 for Mathematics subjects in 2024 who re-sat the following year.
National 5 subject Total learners re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Proportion re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Total learners re-sitting 2023 to 2024 Proportion re-sitting 2023 to 2024
Applications of Mathematics 2,620 11% 1,660 9%
Mathematics 3,850 10% 4,790 13%

 

Table 17d: Proportion of learners at National 5 for Mathematics subjects in 2025 who were re-sitting from the previous year.
National 5 subject Total learners re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Proportion of 2025 with prior attainment Total learners re-sitting 2023 to 2024 Proportion of 2024 with prior attainment
Applications of Mathematics 2,620 9% 1,660 7%
Mathematics 3,850 11% 4,790 13%

The combined 2025 data from tables 17c and 17d are visualised in figures 17.3 and 17.4, which are downloads from the interactive app that accompanies this publication. In the app, select Cohort proportions to explore these types of charts further.

Re-sitting National 5 graphs
Figure 17.3: Progression proportions re-sitting 2024 National 5 Applications of Mathematics
Re-sitting 11% Re-sat 9% Proportion of National 5 Applications of Mathematics learners in 2024 Proportion of National 5 Applications of Mathematics learners in 2025 Total number of learners re-sitting: 2,620
Figure 17.4: Progression proportions re-sitting 2024 National 5 Mathematics
Re-sitting 10% Re-sat 11% Proportion of National 5 Mathematics learners in 2024 Proportion of National 5 Mathematics learners in 2025 Total number of learners re-sitting: 3,850

National 5 to Higher

Table 18a shows the number of learners progressing from National 5 to Higher for Mathematics subjects in 2025, and table 18b shows the proportions of learners who then obtained each grade at Higher for each Mathematics subject.

Table 18a: Number of learners progressing from National 5 to Higher for Mathematics subjects in 2025.
National 5 subject Higher subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024
Mathematics Mathematics 16,570 15,570
Applications of Mathematics Mathematics 4,800 3,800
Applications of Mathematics Applications of Mathematics 2,880 1,790
Mathematics Applications of Mathematics 1,370 900

 

Table 18b: Grade progression from National 5 to Higher for Mathematics subjects in 2025.
National 5 subject Higher subject 2024 National 5 grade 2025 Higher grade A 2025 Higher grade B 2025 Higher grade C 2025 Higher grade D 2025 Higher No Award Row total
Applications of Mathematics Applications of Mathematics A 25% 32% 24% 13% 6% 100%
Applications of Mathematics Applications of Mathematics B 5% 20% 33% 26% 16% 100%
Applications of Mathematics Applications of Mathematics C 1% 12% 26% 30% 30% 100%
Applications of Mathematics Applications of Mathematics D 3% 6% 23% 32% 37% 100%
Applications of Mathematics Applications of Mathematics No Award 0% 0% 24% 29% 48% 100%
Applications of Mathematics Mathematics A 56% 19% 12% 6% 7% 100%
Applications of Mathematics Mathematics B 15% 19% 21% 20% 25% 100%
Applications of Mathematics Mathematics C 5% 15% 18% 21% 42% 100%
Applications of Mathematics Mathematics D 4% 9% 16% 19% 53% 100%
Applications of Mathematics Mathematics No Award 0% 7% 14% 34% 45% 100%
Mathematics Applications of Mathematics A 45% 32% 15% 5% 3% 100%
Mathematics Applications of Mathematics B 18% 37% 27% 13% 5% 100%
Mathematics Applications of Mathematics C 7% 24% 37% 18% 14% 100%
Mathematics Applications of Mathematics D 6% 25% 29% 25% 14% 100%
Mathematics Applications of Mathematics No Award 5% 12% 30% 31% 21% 100%
Mathematics Mathematics A 58% 19% 12% 6% 5% 100%
Mathematics Mathematics B 7% 15% 21% 21% 35% 100%
Mathematics Mathematics C 3% 8% 15% 19% 54% 100%
Mathematics Mathematics D 2% 11% 11% 14% 62% 100%
Mathematics Mathematics No Award 0% 13% 4% 21% 63% 100%

The data in table 18b are visualised in figures 18.1 and 18.2, which are downloads from the interactive app that accompanies this publication. In the app, select Grade progressions to explore these types of charts further.

National 5 to Higher graphs
Figure 18.1: Progression grades from 2024 National 5 Applications of Mathematics
25% 32% 24% 13% 20% 33% 26% 16% 12% 26% 30% 30% 23% 32% 37% 24% 29% 48% No Award D C B A 0% 100% 2024 National 5 Applications of Mathematics grade 2025 Higher Applications of Mathematics grade A B C D No Award Total number of learners progressing: 2,880 56% 19% 12% 15% 19% 21% 20% 25% 15% 18% 21% 42% 16% 19% 53% 14% 34% 45% No Award D C B A 0% 100% 2024 National 5 Applications of Mathematics grade 2025 Higher Mathematics grade A B C D No Award Total number of learners progressing: 4,800
Figure 18.2: Progression grades from 2024 National 5 Mathematics
45% 32% 15% 18% 37% 27% 13% 24% 37% 18% 14% 25% 29% 25% 14% 12% 30% 31% 21% No Award D C B A 0% 100% 2024 National 5 Mathematics grade 2025 Higher Applications of Mathematics grade A B C D No Award Total number of learners progressing: 1,370 58% 19% 12% 15% 21% 21% 35% 15% 19% 54% 11% 11% 14% 62% 13% 21% 63% No Award D C B A 0% 100% 2024 National 5 Mathematics grade 2025 Higher Mathematics grade A B C D No Award Total number of learners progressing: 16,570

Tables 18c and 18d summarise the learners who progressed from National 5 to Higher for Mathematics subjects in 2025. Table 18c displays proportions relative to the number of learners who were entered for National 5 in 2024, while table 18d displays the proportions relative to the number of learners who were entered for Higher in 2025.

The first row of table 18c shows that for National 5 to Higher Applications of Mathematics there was an increase of 3 percentage points (pp) in the proportion, relative to those who were entered for National 5, compared to the previous year. For the same progression route, the first row of table 18d shows that there was an increase of 2pp in the proportion, relative to those who were entered for Higher, compared to the previous year.

Table 18c: Proportion of learners at National 5 in 2024 who progressed to Higher for Mathematics subjects in 2025
National 5 subject Higher subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Proportion progressing 2024 to 2025 Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024 Proportion progressing 2023 to 2024
Applications of Mathematics Applications of Mathematics 2,880 12% 1,790 9%
Applications of Mathematics Mathematics 4,800 20% 3,800 20%
Mathematics Applications of Mathematics 1,370 4% 900 2%
Mathematics Mathematics 16,570 45% 15,570 41%

 

Table 18d: Proportion of learners at Higher for Mathematics subjects in 2025 who progressed from National 5.
National 5 subject Higher subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Proportion of 2025 with prior attainment Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024 Proportion of 2024 with prior attainment
Applications of Mathematics Applications of Mathematics 2,880 62% 1,790 60%
Applications of Mathematics Mathematics 4,800 24% 3,800 20%
Mathematics Applications of Mathematics 1,370 29% 900 30%
Mathematics Mathematics 16,570 84% 15,570 84%

The combined 2025 data from tables 18c and 18d are visualised in figures 18.3 and 18.4, which are downloads from the interactive app that accompanies this publication. In the app, select Cohort proportions to explore these types of charts further.

National 5 to Higher graphs
Figure 18.3: Progression proportions from 2024 National 5 Applications of Mathematics
Progressing 12% Progressed 62% Proportion of National 5 Applications of Mathematics learners in 2024 Proportion of Higher Applications of Mathematics learners in 2025 Total number of learners progressing: 2,880 Progressing 20% Progressed 24% Proportion of National 5 Applications of Mathematics learners in 2024 Proportion of Higher Mathematics learners in 2025 Total number of learners progressing: 4,800
Figure 18.4: Progression proportions from 2024 National 5 Mathematics
Progressing 4% Progressed 29% Proportion of National 5 Mathematics learners in 2024 Proportion of Higher Applications of Mathematics learners in 2025 Total number of learners progressing: 1,370 Progressing 45% Progressed 84% Proportion of National 5 Mathematics learners in 2024 Proportion of Higher Mathematics learners in 2025 Total number of learners progressing: 16,570

Re-sitting Higher

Table 19a shows the number of learners re-sitting Higher for Mathematics subjects in 2025, and table 19b shows the proportions of learners who then obtained each grade at Higher for each Mathematics subject.

Table 19a: Number of learners re-sitting Higher for Mathematics subjects in 2025.
Higher subject Total learners re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Total learners re-sitting 2023 to 2024
Mathematics 2,060 1,730
Applications of Mathematics 150 50

 

Table 19b: Grade progression when re-sitting Higher for Mathematics subjects in 2025.
Higher subject 2024 Higher grade 2025 Higher grade A 2025 Higher grade B 2025 Higher grade C 2025 Higher grade D 2025 Higher No Award Row total
Applications of Mathematics A [z] [z] [z] [z] [z] [z]
Applications of Mathematics B [z] [z] [z] [z] [z] [z]
Applications of Mathematics C 6% 56% 39% 0% 0% 100%
Applications of Mathematics D 5% 24% 46% 24% 0% 100%
Applications of Mathematics No Award 0% 8% 36% 30% 26% 100%
Mathematics A [z] [z] [z] [z] [z] [z]
Mathematics B 73% 27% 0% 0% 0% 100%
Mathematics C 47% 38% 15% 0% 0% 100%
Mathematics D 26% 35% 25% 14% 0% 100%
Mathematics No Award 10% 15% 23% 22% 31% 100%

The data in table 19b are visualised in figures 19.1 and 19.2, which are downloads from the interactive app that accompanies this publication. In the app, select Grade progressions to explore these types of charts further.

Re-sitting Higher graphs
Figure 19.1: Progression grades re-sitting 2024 Higher Applications of Mathematics
56% 39% 24% 46% 24% 36% 30% 26% No Award D C B A 0% 100% 2024 Higher Applications of Mathematics grade 2025 Higher Applications of Mathematics grade A B C D No Award Total number of learners re-sitting: 150
Figure 19.2: Progression grades re-sitting 2024 Higher Mathematics
73% 27% 47% 38% 15% 26% 35% 25% 14% 15% 23% 22% 31% No Award D C B A 0% 100% 2024 Higher Mathematics grade 2025 Higher Mathematics grade A B C D No Award Total number of learners re-sitting: 2,060

Tables 19c and 19d summarise the learners who were entered for Higher for Mathematics subjects in 2024, who then re-sat the following year. Table 19c displays proportions relative to the number of learners who were entered for Higher in 2024, while table 19d displays the proportions relative to the number of learners who were entered for Higher in 2025.

Table 19c shows that for Applications of Mathematics there was an increase of 2 percentage points (pp) to 5%, compared to the proportion from the previous year. For the same re-sitting learners, table 19d shows that there was an increase of 1pp to 3%, compared to the proportion from the previous year.

Table 19c: Proportion of learners at Higher for Mathematics subjects in 2024 who re-sat the following year.
Higher subject Total learners re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Proportion re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Total learners re-sitting 2023 to 2024 Proportion re-sitting 2023 to 2024
Applications of Mathematics 150 5% 50 3%
Mathematics 2,060 11% 1,730 9%

 

Table 19d: Proportion of learners at Higher for Mathematics subjects in 2025 who were re-sitting from the previous year.
Higher subject Total learners re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Proportion of 2025 with prior attainment Total learners re-sitting 2023 to 2024 Proportion of 2024 with prior attainment
Applications of Mathematics 150 3% 50 2%
Mathematics 2,060 10% 1,730 9%

The combined 2025 data from tables 19c and 19d are visualised in figures 19.3 and 19.4, which are downloads from the interactive app that accompanies this publication. In the app, select Cohort proportions to explore these types of charts further.

Re-sitting Higher graphs
Figure 19.3: Progression proportions re-sitting 2024 Higher Applications of Mathematics
Re-sitting 5% Re-sat 3% Proportion of Higher Applications of Mathematics learners in 2024 Proportion of Higher Applications of Mathematics learners in 2025 Total number of learners re-sitting: 150
Figure 19.4: Progression proportions re-sitting 2024 Higher Mathematics
Re-sitting 11% Re-sat 10% Proportion of Higher Mathematics learners in 2024 Proportion of Higher Mathematics learners in 2025 Total number of learners re-sitting: 2,060

Higher to Advanced Higher

Table 20a shows the number of learners progressing from Higher to Advanced Higher for Mathematics subjects in 2025, and table 20b shows the proportions of learners who then obtained each grade at Advanced Higher for each Mathematics subject.

Table 20a: Number of learners progressing from Higher to Advanced Higher for Mathematics subjects in 2025.
Higher subject Advanced Higher subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024
Mathematics Mathematics 4,430 4,360
Mathematics Mathematics of Mechanics 450 420
Mathematics Statistics 170 140

 

Table 20b: Grade progression from Higher to Advanced Higher for Mathematics subjects in 2025.
Higher subject Advanced Higher subject 2024 Higher grade 2025 Advanced Higher grade A 2025 Advanced Higher grade B 2025 Advanced Higher grade C 2025 Advanced Higher grade D 2025 Advanced Higher No Award Row total
Mathematics Mathematics A 48% 19% 12% 9% 12% 100%
Mathematics Mathematics B 8% 16% 18% 18% 40% 100%
Mathematics Mathematics C 3% 13% 12% 23% 50% 100%
Mathematics Mathematics D 13% 0% 0% 13% 75% 100%
Mathematics Mathematics No Award 0% 0% 33% 33% 33% 100%
Mathematics Mathematics of Mechanics A 53% 15% 10% 7% 15% 100%
Mathematics Mathematics of Mechanics B 6% 16% 16% 3% 58% 100%
Mathematics Mathematics of Mechanics C 0% 33% 33% 0% 33% 100%
Mathematics Mathematics of Mechanics D 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 100%
Mathematics Mathematics of Mechanics No Award 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 100%
Mathematics Statistics A 48% 19% 13% 8% 12% 100%
Mathematics Statistics B 0% 17% 8% 17% 58% 100%
Mathematics Statistics C [z] [z] [z] [z] [z] [z]
Mathematics Statistics D [z] [z] [z] [z] [z] [z]
Mathematics Statistics No Award [z] [z] [z] [z] [z] [z]

The data in table 20b are visualised in figure 20.1, which is a download from the interactive app that accompanies this publication. In the app, select Grade progressions to explore these types of charts further.

Higher to Advanced Higher graphs
Figure 20.1: Progression grades from 2024 Higher Mathematics
48% 19% 12% 12% 16% 18% 18% 40% 13% 12% 23% 50% 13% 13% 75% 33% 33% 33% No Award D C B A 0% 100% 2024 Higher Mathematics grade 2025 Advanced Higher Mathematics grade A B C D No Award Total number of learners progressing: 4,430 53% 15% 15% 16% 16% 58% 33% 33% 33% 100% 100% No Award D C B A 0% 100% 2024 Higher Mathematics grade 2025 Advanced Higher Mathematics of Mechanics grade A B C D No Award Total number of learners progressing: 450 48% 19% 13% 12% 17% 17% 58% No Award D C B A 0% 100% 2024 Higher Mathematics grade 2025 Advanced Higher Statistics grade A B C D No Award Total number of learners progressing: 170

Tables 20c and 20d summarise the learners who progressed from Higher to Advanced Higher for Mathematics subjects in 2025. Table 20c displays proportions relative to the number of learners who were entered for Higher in 2024, while table 20d displays the proportions relative to the number of learners who were entered for Advanced Higher in 2025.

The first row of table 20c shows that for Higher to Advanced Higher Mathematics there was an increase of 1 percentage point (pp) in the proportion, relative to those who were entered for Higher, compared to the previous year. For the same progression route, the first row of table 20d shows that there was no change in the proportion, relative to those who were entered for Advanced Higher, compared to the previous year.

Table 20c: Proportion of learners at Higher in 2024 who progressed to Advanced Higher for Mathematics subjects in 2025
Higher subject Advanced Higher subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Proportion progressing 2024 to 2025 Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024 Proportion progressing 2023 to 2024
Mathematics Mathematics 4,430 24% 4,360 23%
Mathematics Mathematics of Mechanics 450 2% 420 2%
Mathematics Statistics 170 1% 140 1%

 

Table 20d: Proportion of learners at Advanced Higher for Mathematics subjects in 2025 who progressed from Higher.
Higher subject Advanced Higher subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Proportion of 2025 with prior attainment Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024 Proportion of 2024 with prior attainment
Mathematics Mathematics 4,430 99% 4,360 99%
Mathematics Mathematics of Mechanics 450 96% 420 97%
Mathematics Statistics 170 95% 140 92%

The combined 2025 data from tables 20c and 20d are visualised in figure 20.2, which is a download from the interactive app that accompanies this publication. In the app, select Cohort proportions to explore these types of charts further.

Higher to Advanced Higher graphs
Figure 20.2: Progression proportions from 2024 Higher Mathematics
Progressing 24% Progressed 99% Proportion of Higher Mathematics learners in 2024 Proportion of Advanced Higher Mathematics learners in 2025 Total number of learners progressing: 4,430 Progressing 2% Progressed 96% Proportion of Higher Mathematics learners in 2024 Proportion of Advanced Higher Mathematics of Mechanics learners in 2025 Total number of learners progressing: 450 Progressing 1% Progressed 95% Proportion of Higher Mathematics learners in 2024 Proportion of Advanced Higher Statistics learners in 2025 Total number of learners progressing: 170

 

English

This section shows progression through all National Qualification levels for English.

For English, progression proportions are varied in terms of subsequent attainment across all levels of the qualification.

National 4 to National 5

Table 21a shows the number of learners progressing from National 4 to National 5 for English in 2025, and table 21b shows the proportions of learners who then obtained each grade at National 5 English.

Table 21a: Number of learners progressing from National 4 to National 5 English in 2025.
National 4 subject National 5 subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024
English English 3,840 4,140

 

Table 21b: Grade progression from National 4 to National 5 English in 2025.
National 4 subject National 5 subject 2025 National 5 grade A 2025 National 5 grade B 2025 National 5 grade C 2025 National 5 grade D 2025 National 5 No Award Row total
English English 9% 24% 27% 23% 16% 100%

The data in table 21b are visualised in figure 21.1, which is a download from the interactive app that accompanies this publication. In the app, select Grade progressions to explore these types of charts further.

National 4 to National 5 graphs
Figure 21.1: Progression grades from 2024 National 4 English
24% 27% 23% 16% 0% 100% 2024 National 4 English entry 2025 National 5 English grade A B C D No Award Total number of learners progressing: 3,840

Tables 21c and 21d summarise the learners who progressed from National 4 to National 5 for English in 2025. Table 21c displays proportions relative to the number of learners who were entered for National 4 in 2024, while table 21d displays the proportions relative to the number of learners who were entered for National 5 in 2025.

Table 21c shows that for National 4 to National 5 English there was no change in the proportion, relative to those who were entered for National 4, compared to the previous year. For the same progression route, table 21d shows that there was no change in the proportion, relative to those who were entered for National 5, compared to the previous year.

Table 21c: Proportion of learners at National 4 in 2024 who progressed to National 5 English in 2025
National 4 subject National 5 subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Proportion progressing 2024 to 2025 Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024 Proportion progressing 2023 to 2024
English English 3,840 21% 4,140 21%

 

Table 21d: Proportion of learners at National 5 English in 2025 who progressed from National 4.
National 4 subject National 5 subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Proportion of 2025 with prior attainment Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024 Proportion of 2024 with prior attainment
English English 3,840 8% 4,140 8%

The combined 2025 data from tables 21c and 21d are visualised in figure 21.2, which is a download from the interactive app that accompanies this publication. In the app, select Cohort proportions to explore these types of charts further.

National 4 to National 5 graphs
Figure 21.2: Progression proportions from 2024 National 4 English
Progressing 21% Progressed 8% Proportion of National 4 English learners in 2024 Proportion of National 5 English learners in 2025 Total number of learners progressing: 3,840

Re-sitting National 5

Table 22a shows the number of learners re-sitting National 5 for English in 2025, and table 22b shows the proportions of learners who then obtained each grade at National 5 English.

Table 22a: Number of learners re-sitting National 5 English in 2025.
National 5 subject Total learners re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Total learners re-sitting 2023 to 2024
English 2,420 1,950

 

Table 22b: Grade progression when re-sitting National 5 English in 2025.
National 5 subject 2024 National 5 grade 2025 National 5 grade A 2025 National 5 grade B 2025 National 5 grade C 2025 National 5 grade D 2025 National 5 No Award Row total
English A [z] [z] [z] [z] [z] [z]
English B 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
English C 11% 54% 35% 0% 0% 100%
English D 11% 33% 37% 18% 0% 100%
English No Award 3% 21% 30% 29% 17% 100%

The data in table 22b are visualised in figure 22.1, which is a download from the interactive app that accompanies this publication. In the app, select Grade progressions to explore these types of charts further.

Re-sitting National 5 graphs
Figure 22.1: Progression grades re-sitting 2024 National 5 English
100% 11% 54% 35% 11% 33% 37% 18% 21% 30% 29% 17% No Award D C B A 0% 100% 2024 National 5 English grade 2025 National 5 English grade A B C D No Award Total number of learners re-sitting: 2,420

Tables 22c and 22d summarise the learners who were entered for National 5 for English in 2024, who then re-sat the following year. Table 22c displays proportions relative to the number of learners who were entered for National 5 in 2024, while table 22d displays the proportions relative to the number of learners who were entered for National 5 in 2025.

Table 22c shows that for English there was an increase of 1 percentage point (pp) to 5%, compared to the proportion from the previous year. For the same re-sitting learners, table 22d shows that there was an increase of 1pp to 5%, compared to the proportion from the previous year.

Table 22c: Proportion of learners at National 5 English in 2024 who re-sat the following year.
National 5 subject Total learners re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Proportion re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Total learners re-sitting 2023 to 2024 Proportion re-sitting 2023 to 2024
English 2,420 5% 1,950 4%

 

Table 22d: Proportion of learners at National 5 English in 2025 who were re-sitting from the previous year.
National 5 subject Total learners re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Proportion of 2025 with prior attainment Total learners re-sitting 2023 to 2024 Proportion of 2024 with prior attainment
English 2,420 5% 1,950 4%

The combined 2025 data from tables 22c and 22d are visualised in figure 22.2, which is a download from the interactive app that accompanies this publication. In the app, select Cohort proportions to explore these types of charts further.

Re-sitting National 5 graphs
Figure 22.2: Progression proportions re-sitting 2024 National 5 English
Re-sitting 5% Re-sat 5% Proportion of National 5 English learners in 2024 Proportion of National 5 English learners in 2025 Total number of learners re-sitting: 2,420

National 5 to Higher

Table 23a shows the number of learners progressing from National 5 to Higher for English in 2025, and table 23b shows the proportions of learners who then obtained each grade at Higher English.

Table 23a: Number of learners progressing from National 5 to Higher English in 2025.
National 5 subject Higher subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024
English English 31,720 31,610

 

Table 23b: Grade progression from National 5 to Higher English in 2025.
National 5 subject Higher subject 2024 National 5 grade 2025 Higher grade A 2025 Higher grade B 2025 Higher grade C 2025 Higher grade D 2025 Higher No Award Row total
English English A 46% 33% 16% 5% 1% 100%
English English B 7% 24% 34% 25% 9% 100%
English English C 1% 8% 23% 39% 29% 100%
English English D 1% 3% 16% 34% 46% 100%
English English No Award 0% 8% 25% 42% 25% 100%

The data in table 23b are visualised in figure 23.1, which is a download from the interactive app that accompanies this publication. In the app, select Grade progressions to explore these types of charts further.

National 5 to Higher graphs
Figure 23.1: Progression grades from 2024 National 5 English
46% 33% 16% 24% 34% 25% 23% 39% 29% 16% 34% 46% 25% 42% 25% No Award D C B A 0% 100% 2024 National 5 English grade 2025 Higher English grade A B C D No Award Total number of learners progressing: 31,720

Tables 23c and 23d summarise the learners who progressed from National 5 to Higher for English in 2025. Table 23c displays proportions relative to the number of learners who were entered for National 5 in 2024, while table 23d displays the proportions relative to the number of learners who were entered for Higher in 2025.

Table 23c shows that for National 5 to Higher English there was a decrease of 1 percentage point (pp) in the proportion, relative to those who were entered for National 5, compared to the previous year. For the same progression route, table 23d shows that there was a decrease of 2pp in the proportion, relative to those who were entered for Higher, compared to the previous year.

Table 23c: Proportion of learners at National 5 in 2024 who progressed to Higher English in 2025
National 5 subject Higher subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Proportion progressing 2024 to 2025 Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024 Proportion progressing 2023 to 2024
English English 31,720 64% 31,610 65%

 

Table 23d: Proportion of learners at Higher English in 2025 who progressed from National 5.
National 5 subject Higher subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Proportion of 2025 with prior attainment Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024 Proportion of 2024 with prior attainment
English English 31,720 85% 31,610 87%

The combined 2025 data from tables 23c and 23d are visualised in figure 23.2, which is a download from the interactive app that accompanies this publication. In the app, select Cohort proportions to explore these types of charts further.

National 5 to Higher graphs
Figure 23.2: Progression proportions from 2024 National 5 English
Progressing 64% Progressed 85% Proportion of National 5 English learners in 2024 Proportion of Higher English learners in 2025 Total number of learners progressing: 31,720

Re-sitting Higher

Table 24a shows the number of learners re-sitting Higher for English in 2025, and table 24b shows the proportions of learners who then obtained each grade at Higher English.

Table 24a: Number of learners re-sitting Higher English in 2025.
Higher subject Total learners re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Total learners re-sitting 2023 to 2024
English 3,340 2,720

 

Table 24b: Grade progression when re-sitting Higher English in 2025.
Higher subject 2024 Higher grade 2025 Higher grade A 2025 Higher grade B 2025 Higher grade C 2025 Higher grade D 2025 Higher No Award Row total
English A [z] [z] [z] [z] [z] [z]
English B 71% 29% 0% 0% 0% 100%
English C 18% 48% 33% 0% 0% 100%
English D 4% 21% 38% 36% 0% 100%
English No Award 2% 7% 23% 40% 28% 100%

The data in table 24b are visualised in figure 24.1, which is a download from the interactive app that accompanies this publication. In the app, select Grade progressions to explore these types of charts further.

Re-sitting Higher graphs
Figure 24.1: Progression grades re-sitting 2024 Higher English
71% 29% 18% 48% 33% 21% 38% 36% 23% 40% 28% No Award D C B A 0% 100% 2024 Higher English grade 2025 Higher English grade A B C D No Award Total number of learners re-sitting: 3,340

Tables 24c and 24d summarise the learners who were entered for Higher for English in 2024, who then re-sat the following year. Table 24c displays proportions relative to the number of learners who were entered for Higher in 2024, while table 24d displays the proportions relative to the number of learners who were entered for Higher in 2025.

Table 24c shows that for English there was an increase of 1 percentage point (pp) to 9%, compared to the proportion from the previous year. For the same re-sitting learners, table 24d shows that there was an increase of 2pp to 9%, compared to the proportion from the previous year.

Table 24c: Proportion of learners at Higher English in 2024 who re-sat the following year.
Higher subject Total learners re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Proportion re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Total learners re-sitting 2023 to 2024 Proportion re-sitting 2023 to 2024
English 3,340 9% 2,720 8%

 

Table 24d: Proportion of learners at Higher English in 2025 who were re-sitting from the previous year.
Higher subject Total learners re-sitting 2024 to 2025 Proportion of 2025 with prior attainment Total learners re-sitting 2023 to 2024 Proportion of 2024 with prior attainment
English 3,340 9% 2,720 7%

The combined 2025 data from tables 24c and 24d are visualised in figure 24.2, which is a download from the interactive app that accompanies this publication. In the app, select Cohort proportions to explore these types of charts further.

Re-sitting Higher graphs
Figure 24.2: Progression proportions re-sitting 2024 Higher English
Re-sitting 9% Re-sat 9% Proportion of Higher English learners in 2024 Proportion of Higher English learners in 2025 Total number of learners re-sitting: 3,340

Higher to Advanced Higher

Table 25a shows the number of learners progressing from Higher to Advanced Higher for English in 2025, and table 25b shows the proportions of learners who then obtained each grade at Advanced Higher English.

Table 25a: Number of learners progressing from Higher to Advanced Higher English in 2025.
Higher subject Advanced Higher subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024
English English 3,070 2,980

 

Table 25b: Grade progression from Higher to Advanced Higher English in 2025.
Higher subject Advanced Higher subject 2024 Higher grade 2025 Advanced Higher grade A 2025 Advanced Higher grade B 2025 Advanced Higher grade C 2025 Advanced Higher grade D 2025 Advanced Higher No Award Row total
English English A 31% 31% 27% 11% 1% 100%
English English B 7% 20% 38% 27% 8% 100%
English English C 2% 13% 31% 38% 16% 100%
English English D 0% 7% 31% 41% 21% 100%
English English No Award 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 100%

The data in table 25b are visualised in figure 25.1, which is a download from the interactive app that accompanies this publication. In the app, select Grade progressions to explore these types of charts further.

Higher to Advanced Higher graphs
Figure 25.1: Progression grades from 2024 Higher English
31% 31% 27% 11% 20% 38% 27% 13% 31% 38% 16% 31% 41% 21% 100% No Award D C B A 0% 100% 2024 Higher English grade 2025 Advanced Higher English grade A B C D No Award Total number of learners progressing: 3,070

Tables 25c and 25d summarise the learners who progressed from Higher to Advanced Higher for English in 2025. Table 25c displays proportions relative to the number of learners who were entered for Higher in 2024, while table 25d displays the proportions relative to the number of learners who were entered for Advanced Higher in 2025.

Table 25c shows that for Higher to Advanced Higher English there was no change in the proportion, relative to those who were entered for Higher, compared to the previous year. For the same progression route, table 25d shows that there was no change in the proportion, relative to those who were entered for Advanced Higher, compared to the previous year.

Table 25c: Proportion of learners at Higher in 2024 who progressed to Advanced Higher English in 2025
Higher subject Advanced Higher subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Proportion progressing 2024 to 2025 Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024 Proportion progressing 2023 to 2024
English English 3,070 8% 2,980 8%

 

Table 25d: Proportion of learners at Advanced Higher English in 2025 who progressed from Higher.
Higher subject Advanced Higher subject Total learners progressing 2024 to 2025 Proportion of 2025 with prior attainment Total learners progressing 2023 to 2024 Proportion of 2024 with prior attainment
English English 3,070 100% 2,980 100%

The combined 2025 data from tables 25c and 25d are visualised in figure 25.2, which is a download from the interactive app that accompanies this publication. In the app, select Cohort proportions to explore these types of charts further.

Higher to Advanced Higher graphs
Figure 25.2: Progression proportions from 2024 Higher English
Progressing 8% Progressed 100% Proportion of Higher English learners in 2024 Proportion of Advanced Higher English learners in 2025 Total number of learners progressing: 3,070

 

Feedback

Progression Statistics 2025 is classified as official statistics in development, and we invite users to provide their views and feedback on future developments or improvements that could be made to meet your needs. If you have comments or questions, please contact us: